You’ve finished your manuscript (MS), and now you are looking for an editor. Congratulations! The first step you need to take is to have a professional editor evaluate your MS. Once you’ve confirmed that you have a solid story structure, a sound plot, and well-rounded characters through an evaluation, you’re ready for copyediting.
Punctuation, word usage, grammar, spelling (aka “PUGS”), capitalization, and formatting are all part of mechanical editing. It’s black and white, the standards are set (if not by the style guides, by the author’s preference, or publisher’s house style), and your editor will conform the text to these rules. But your MS might need more than this. The areas of editing that change with the levels deal more with the ideas that are conveyed in the text and the techniques used to create the readers’ experience.
Light Copyediting
If your MS needs a light copyedit, that means it doesn’t have any peculiarly worded phrases or sentences. You’ve conveyed your ideas with concision, and you don’t have any wordy and repetitive sections. The ideas are presented with clarity and there’s nothing there to confuse your readers. Sentences use strong verbs and fresh descriptors. And you’ve kept details consistent throughout. However, manuscripts that haven’t already been professionally copyedited rarely need only a light copyedit.
Medium Copyediting
In a medium copyedit, you may have some awkward or repetitive content, minor point-of-view issues, long paragraphs that need to be broken up for more comfortable reading, or transitions that need a bit of work to flow better. If you have unnecessary dialogue tags, weak writing, or purple prose, a medium copyedit will also take care of these.
Of course, it’s likely that as the author, you may not realize theses awkward or repetitive phrases, otherwise you would have corrected them yourself. But a trained professional will be able to pinpoint issues like this right away.
Heavy Copyediting
If this is your first book, and you’ve had no training in self-editing, I can almost guarantee your MS needs a heavy copyedit. Your editor will resolve inconsistencies in voice, diction, setting, point of view, and chapter titles. They will break up paragraphs where appropriate for more comfortable reading, eliminate unnecessary dialogue tags, add action beats where appropriate, and generally strengthen the writing. If you have areas that “tell” where you should “show,” your editor will fix these. And your editor will ensure appropriate levels of description for settings and characters, rewriting a bit if necessary, cutting a lot if necessary. This level of editing takes the most amount of time, which translates into a higher cost. So what should you expect when it comes to paying for a copyedit?
Copyediting Pace
As you’ve probably concluded, the cost of editing depends on the amount of time it takes to complete it. That’s why editing can get so expensive. So it’s helpful to have an idea of how much time your editor is investing in your MS. Here is a general guide I’ve found to be pretty accurate, taken from The Copyeditor’s Handbook.[i] Keep in mind that a manuscript page is equivalent to 250 words.
Standard Text Difficult Text
Light copyedit 6–9 pages/hour 4–6 pages/hour
Medium copyedit 4–7 pages/hour 2–4 pages/hour
Heavy copyedit 2–3 pages/hour 1–2 pages/hour
How does this translate into cost? A 50,000-word manuscript is going to cost anywhere from $800 to $4,000, depending on the level of copyediting it needs and time it takes to complete it. Knowing this will help you better prepare to hire a quality editor who will give you a great experience for the money you pay.
As you move forward to greater heights of writing and editing, remember that your voice is significant, your life is valuable, and your contribution is unique.
[i]. Amy Einsohn, The Copyeditor’s Handbook (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000), 22.
Rachel E. Bradley holds a BS degree in paralegal studies from Northeastern State University in Oklahoma and graduated summa cum laude in 2006. She is a gold member of the Christian PEN: Proofreaders and Editors Network, is an established freelance editor with the Christian Editor Connection, is an instructor with the PEN Institute, is a judge for the Editors’ Choice Award, and has served as faculty for PENCON, the only conference for editors in the Christian market. After serving nine years in the legal field and becoming an advanced certified paralegal, Rachel started her business as a freelance editor and indexer. She now owns Revisions by Rachel Inc. In 2018, Rachel lost her first husband, Matthew, after an intense battle with brain cancer. This life experience carried over into her editing and gave her a new understanding and a fierce compassion for people who feel broken and hurt. In celebration of continued life and hope, Rachel became a licensed skydiver and takes to the skies with her rainbow canopy, “Promises,” any chance she gets. In early 2021, she asked God to choose her next husband. In an incredible tale of trusting God and giving him her yes without exception, Rachel is now joyfully married to Alexander Bradley. They have been assigned the awe-inspiring and continually humbling task of raising two incredible children. Beyond reading, Rachel enjoys Bible studies, dancing during church worship, skydiving, swing dancing, rock climbing, reading, teaching, discussing important issues, watching Star Trek, sewing, cooking, Pilates, horseback riding, water sports, playing guitar, and snow skiing.
February is all about emotions, specifically love because of Valentine’s Day. Emotions are one of the keys to a great novel. Without them, there is no connection between reader and story or reader and author. Emotions are also a core component of the conflict that drives a novel forward.
Nicole Evelina is a USA Today bestselling author and biographer who writes historical fiction, nonfiction, and women’s fiction. Her six books have won more than 40 awards, including four Book of the Year designations. Nicole was named Missouri’s Top Independent Author by Library Journal and Biblioboard as the winner of the Missouri Indie Author Project in 2018 and has been awarded the North Street Book Prize and the Sarton Women’s Book Award. One of her novels, Madame Presidentess, was previously optioned for film.
Now what? Indeed!
Earlier this fall, I was contacted by a prospect for a potential project. He runs a marketing/advertising agency, and we’d worked together for a third party on a project earlier in the year. This was my first chance to do some work directly for him, so I wanted to make it count.
I wanted to share with you today some things I learned at our International Association of Business Communicators (IABC) meeting last week from our guest speaker Carol Daniel of KMOX radio here in St. Louis.
Reporters typically connect with a source once, get what they need, and go on their way to write a story. Sometimes you have to revise a story based on your editor’s suggestions. What happens when you don’t just need to edit, but have to ask a source for additional information? Maybe you realize you didn’t have everything you needed once you start writing the story, or your editor comes back with more questions during the revision process. Either way, returning to a source for more information can be tricky.
Kristen Fischer is a copywriter and journalist living at the Jersey Shore. She worked as a reporter and copyeditor for Gannett before launching her full-time freelance business in 2005. Her work has been published in Parents, New Jersey Monthly, Prevention, Woman’s Day, SheKnows, and Healthline.
One-third of Americans rely on news platforms they acknowledge are less reliable, mainly social media and peers. The other two-thirds of the public consider their primary news sources trustworthy, mainly print news and broadcast television, according to a new RAND Corporation report.
One of the most frustrating parts of being a freelance journalist aside from the actual writing is finding editors to pitch your work to. I’ve grappled with this for years, and I think I always will. Why? Editors frequently leave their posts. Not every editor informs you they are leaving, or who their replacement will be. You’re often left in the dust. This is kind of how the business rolls.
Why does an author need a good website? And why should they pay for one instead of using one of the many free ones? Or isn’t it easier to use Facebook or the writer’s blog they have been using? However, the best answer for writers is to have a website is yes. Unlike social media and blogging, an author website means you will spend time building your writing platform. Every author’s online platform is their most significant asset, and creating one is vital for your long-term success.
Pamela K. Kinney gave up long ago ignoring the demanding voices in her head and has been writing ever since. Her horror short story, “Bottled Spirits,” was runner-up for the 2013 WSFA Small Press Award and considered one of the seven best genre short fiction for that year. She has various short stories and poems published in fiction and nonfiction anthologies, magazines, and online zines, a science fiction novella, an urban fantasy novel, five nonfiction ghost books, and a nonfiction cryptid book. Her horror poem, “Dementia,” got her mentioned in Best Horror of the Year, Volume Thirteen. She has stories and poems in two horror anthologies to be released in 2024, plus a YA dark fantasy novel, Demon Memories, first book in the Moon Ridge trilogy.
I had to learn to write the book blurbs for my nonfiction ghost books for Schiffer Publishing as a requirement of being published with them. When I self-published my urban fantasy/horror novel, How the Vortex Changed My Life, I was the most qualified to write the blurb for the back of my book. Since then, I have written many blurbs for books published by publishers, including my latest, a YA dark fantasy novel, Demon Memories.
Back of the book blurb for Demon Memories:
Blurb for Maverick Heart:
Blurb for the horror anthology, Vinyl Cuts:
Blurb for horror poetry anthology, Terror at Miskatonic Falls: